可拉伸探針測量帕金森氏癥、抑郁癥和腸道疾病的核心大腦化學(xué)物質(zhì)
指南者留學(xué)
2022-06-01 14:58:38
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcneASOoe0suOoCqmkQ0IgNze" style="text-align: center;"><span class="h6"><em>圖片來源:Stanford Bio-X:鮑振安博士,K. K. Lee工程學(xué)院教授,化學(xué)工程系主任;和生物學(xué)副教授陳曉科博士。 </em></span></div>
<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcneASOoe0suOoCqmkQ0IgNze" style="text-align: center;"><span class="h6"><em>六月1st,2022 - 由Kristin Lynn Sainani</em></span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnW2uWoUeAoAu6MZb3rhnYkc" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">一種新的類似弦的植入物可以監(jiān)測大腦化學(xué)物質(zhì)的波動,就像大腦的健身追蹤器一樣。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnQsc6g04U8wOW4vEzLvfib6" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">腦化學(xué)失衡是許多神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)疾病的核心。這些相同的大腦化學(xué)物質(zhì)也在腸道健康中發(fā)揮作用。因此,斯坦福大學(xué)的科學(xué)家發(fā)明了“NeuroString”——一種柔軟的植入式探針,可以與大腦和腸道組織無縫連接。他們在<a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-04615-2" target="_blank" rel="noopener">《自然》雜志最近的一篇論文中</a>描述了這種探測器。它在抑郁癥,帕金森病和腸道疾病中具有潛在的應(yīng)用。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnwQIauo0CMysoEX7tlBdnHg" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">“人們試圖理解大腦的主流方式是閱讀和記錄電信號,”該論文的第一作者李金星說。“但化學(xué)信號在大腦溝通中起著同樣重要的作用,它們也與疾病直接相關(guān)。李在斯坦福大學(xué)<a href="https://profiles.stanford.edu/zhenan-bao" target="_blank" rel="noopener">的鮑振安</a>實驗室開始并擔(dān)任博士后工作。他現(xiàn)在是密歇根州立大學(xué)生物醫(yī)學(xué)工程助理教授。鮑是斯坦福大學(xué)工程學(xué)院的K. K. Lee教授和化學(xué)工程系主任。</span></div>
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<h1 class="heading-1 ace-line old-record-id-doxcnyow8U04e8OGkgPTO6NUACd" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"><em>“我們第一次看到來自探測器的信號是尤里卡時刻。”</em> <em>—陳曉科博士</em></span></h1>
<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnmc2aW0cG00MeqemBMkHdee" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">NeuroString測量多巴胺和血清素,這兩種化學(xué)信使調(diào)節(jié)神經(jīng)元中的電信號。多巴胺以其在大腦獎勵系統(tǒng)中的作用而聞名;血清素是百憂解等抗抑郁藥的靶標。兩者都參與運動,睡眠,食欲和消化。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnWU0mioIYi2GmMjtVMWvAAb" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">測量多巴胺和血清素的植入物已經(jīng)存在,但它們是由包裹在玻璃管中的剛性碳棒制成的。“這些都是非常嚴格的探測器。它們非常脆,“李說。植入物不僅會破碎,還會對大腦中粘稠的組織產(chǎn)生摩擦,這會使腦細胞發(fā)炎并降解植入物。</span></div>
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<div class="image-uploaded gallery old-record-id-doxcnMk2WWU8oQGGagJcfy5ddKe" style="text-align: justify;" data-type="image" data-ace-gallery-json="{"items":[{"uuid":"6504eeac-8b97-47d1-a376-832eb719b4fc","height":1129,"width":1050,"currHeight":1129,"currWidth":1050,"natrualHeight":1129,"natrualWidth":1050,"pluginName":"imageUpload","scale":1,"src":"https%3A%2F%2Finternal-api-drive-stream.feishu.cn%2Fspace%2Fapi%2Fbox%2Fstream%2Fdownload%2Fall%2FboxcnOM9M5uPZgZw0DfpKYH5czc%2F%3Fmount_node_token%3DdoxcnMk2WWU8oQGGagJcfy5ddKe%26mount_point%3Ddocx_image","file_token":"boxcnOM9M5uPZgZw0DfpKYH5czc","image_type":"image/png","size":325213,"comments":[]}]}"><span class="p"><img src="https://info.compassedu.hk/sucai/content/1657695328975/1657695328975.png" width="807" height="868" /></span></div>
<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnACyeC8QUKkkEK85cfJGF7g" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"><em>李金星/寶實驗室,斯坦福大學(xué): 小鼠結(jié)腸中的神經(jīng)弦探針。</em></span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnUEWUiQw2uYiSwtiJEgqR4b" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">鮑的實驗室設(shè)計了一個軟探針。“我的團隊制造軟電子技術(shù)已經(jīng)有一段時間了,”K. K. Lee教授、斯坦福大學(xué)工程學(xué)院化學(xué)工程系主任Bao說。探針由石墨烯制成,石墨烯是一種原子薄的碳形式。鮑的團隊使用激光將李所描述的“毛茸茸的石墨烯糾纏網(wǎng)絡(luò)”雕刻成塑料。該塑料含有在石墨烯表面變成納米顆粒點的分子,可以提高同時測量多巴胺和血清素的靈敏度和選擇性。然后,他們將網(wǎng)絡(luò)嵌入到橡膠矩陣中。“石墨烯本身不是很可拉伸,但如果它被纏繞成網(wǎng)狀并嵌入橡膠中,那么它就會變得可拉伸,”李解釋說。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn8kW6AKIMK4kqOegDaYW2Hh" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">鮑補充說:“這就像一個桐生。如果你把圖案切成,然后你可以拉伸它,你會看到某種中空連接的紙張網(wǎng)絡(luò)。這里也是一樣的,但網(wǎng)絡(luò)是由石墨烯片組成的。NeuroString具有與生物組織相同的柔軟度。“傳感器柔軟而有彈性,就像橡皮筋一樣,植入大腦或腸道時不會造成損傷,這不僅柔軟而且不斷移動,”鮑說。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnWaQYwYQkMI06iek56MGrvf" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">為了測試探針,鮑的團隊與斯坦福大學(xué)生物學(xué),精神病學(xué),胃腸病學(xué)和外科的科學(xué)家合作。“我認為這是斯坦福大學(xué)最有特權(quán)的部分:它非常開放和協(xié)作,”李說。這項工作得到了<a href="https://biox.stanford.edu/research/seed-grants/interdisciplinary-initiatives-program-seed-grant-closed-loop-neurochemical" target="_blank" rel="noopener">斯坦福大學(xué)Bio-X種子基金</a>和吳蔡神經(jīng)科學(xué)研究所<a href="https://neuroscience.stanford.edu/research/funded-research/stanford-brain-organogenesis-program-phase-2" target="_blank" rel="noopener">神經(jīng)科學(xué)大創(chuàng)意基金的支持</a>,這兩項基金都鼓勵跨學(xué)科合作。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn6akQkQqqqM4uyeIcgZDH1e" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">在一項實驗中,研究小組將NeuroString植入了同一只小鼠的大腦和腸道。當他們給小鼠喂食巧克力糖漿時,NeuroString檢測到大腦中多巴胺的峰值和腸道中血清素的峰值 - 兩者都是對巧克力的預(yù)期反應(yīng)。多巴胺是在大腦中產(chǎn)生的,而血清素主要是在腸道中產(chǎn)生的。在另一項實驗中,與健康小鼠相比,NeuroString在腸道炎癥小鼠中檢測到腸道血清素的獨特模式。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnmwyA8kQSWm0cHGuSFwSpzf" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">“我們第一次看到來自探測器的信號是一個尤里卡時刻,”共同作者,生物學(xué)副教授<a href="https://profiles.stanford.edu/xiaoke-chen" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Xiaok Chen</a>說。“在自由移動的動物中慢性記錄多巴胺和血清素信號是我們一直想做的夢想實驗。通過這種美好的合作,我們能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)這一目標。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnuqcM64wMU2K4eshmqqgifc" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">植入的小鼠行為和飲食正常,排便正常。“關(guān)于該工具令人興奮的事情是,它似乎沒有破壞組織的正常功能,”共同作者,醫(yī)學(xué)教授<a href="https://profiles.stanford.edu/aida-habtezion" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Aida Habtezion</a>說。這意味著植入物有朝一日可以用于人類的實時監(jiān)測,類似于智能手表,但能夠跟蹤生化水平,而不是心率或步數(shù),她說。Habtezion目前正在休假,并擔(dān)任輝瑞公司的首席醫(yī)療官,但在她還在斯坦福大學(xué)時就為這項工作做出了貢獻。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnKgGcW2KScYSYYNbrmjgOyf" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"><em>照片由Stanford Bio-X拍攝:Zhenan Bao博士(左)和Xiaok Chen博士在實驗室。</em></span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcne4GI2gSkkaG2y02dtXItvh" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">跟蹤腸道中的血清素水平可能有助于診斷和監(jiān)測腸道疾病,如腸易激綜合征。跟蹤大腦中的多巴胺水平可能對帕金森病有用,帕金森病是由缺乏多巴胺引起的。帕金森病的治療方法之一,深部腦刺激,部分通過刺激神經(jīng)元產(chǎn)生更多的多巴胺來起作用。如果深部腦刺激器可以與NeuroString配對,這將使醫(yī)生能夠精確控制釋放的多巴胺量。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnOSQMaQ0SUSiUEZw0WMyNxf" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">植入物尚未準備好用于臨床。首先,探頭仍然連接到讀出信號的電線上;需要一個無線版本才能用于人類。與此同時,探測器在研究中有許多用途。例如,像百憂解這樣的抗抑郁藥通過調(diào)節(jié)血清素水平起作用,這可能解釋了為什么它們有時會引起胃腸道副作用,Chen說。“我們現(xiàn)在擁有的工具可以實時監(jiān)測這些藥物對小鼠模型中大腦和腸道血清素波動的影響。</span></div>
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<div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnwc48U4aMc46gleIfkmaEdj" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">他補充說:“現(xiàn)在我們已經(jīng)證明探測器是有效的,我們想要解決一長串生物學(xué)問題。</span></div>
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